Indian classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent, this includes India,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Sri Lanka and Nepal. The Indian Classical music is considered as one of the oldest the most difficult music in the world. The Indian Classical Music is totally practical and based on the feel. It is not the written music like the western music. This music comes through different musical families (Gharans).
The notes in Indian Classical Music are called Swars (surs). Each swar have the different pitch and frequency. There are Totally of 12 swars which are further classified in 4 type i.e
Shuddha Swars
Achal Swars
Komal Swars
Tivar Swars
The swars starts from Sa and ends on Ni then Sa repeats with other saptak (Octave). Swars moves like Sa-Re-Ga-ma-Pa-Dha-Ni. These name are based on the Gods of hindus. Full names of thesse swars are following:
Shadja-Sa
Rishabh-Re
Gandhar-Ga
Madhyam-Ma
Pancham-Pa
Dhaivat-Dha
Nishad-Ni
Achal Swars:
These swars are fixed in the scale and can not change. Moreover these swars does not have any komal or tivar swar. These swars are Sa and Pa.
Suddha Swars:
These notes have a partner note i.e komal or tiver. These notes are Re,Ga,Ma,Dha,Ni. Sometimes Sa and Pa also said to be suddha swars but they dont have any partner note.
Komal Swars:
These notes are refered as flat notes those are half step back of a Suddha Swar i.e If you move half step back from Re so the note will be Komal Re. There are 4 komal notes in Indian Classical Music i.e Re Komal, Ga Komal, Dha Komal and Ni komal as shown in the above picture.
Tivar Swar:
Tivar Swar is refered as sharp note. In indian Classical Music there is only 1 Tiver Swar which is Ma Tivar. We have move half step forward only between Ma Suddha and Ma Tivar.
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